第284集CompletableFuture实现异步任务编排架构实战：异步任务编排、并发处理与企业级CompletableFuture应用解决方案

前言

CompletableFuture作为Java 8引入的异步编程核心工具，能够有效实现复杂的异步任务编排，提高系统的并发处理能力和响应性能。通过合理的异步任务编排策略和并发处理，能够构建一个高效、稳定、可扩展的异步任务编排系统，确保系统的稳定运行。本文从异步任务编排策略到并发处理，从基础实现到企业级应用，系统梳理CompletableFuture异步任务编排的完整解决方案。

一、CompletableFuture异步任务编排架构设计

1.1 异步任务编排整体架构

1.2 异步任务编排策略架构

二、CompletableFuture异步任务编排实现

2.1 基础异步任务编排

2.1.1 异步任务管理器

/**
 * CompletableFuture异步任务管理器
 */
@Service
public class CompletableFutureTaskManager {

    @Autowired
    private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    private final String ASYNC_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX = "async_task:";
    private final long ASYNC_TASK_CACHE_EXPIRE = 3600; // 1小时

    /**
     * 创建异步任务
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<T> createAsyncTask(Supplier<T> task, String taskId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证任务
            validateTask(task, taskId);

            // 2. 创建CompletableFuture
            CompletableFuture<T> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(task, taskExecutor);

            // 3. 设置任务ID
            future = future.thenApply(result -> {
                setTaskId(result, taskId);
                return result;
            });

            // 4. 记录任务信息
            recordTaskInfo(taskId, future);

            // 5. 添加异常处理
            future = future.exceptionally(throwable -> {
                handleTaskException(taskId, throwable);
                return null;
            });

            return future;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("创建异步任务失败: {}", taskId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证任务
     */
    private void validateTask(Object task, String taskId) {
        if (task == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("任务不能为空");
        }

        if (taskId == null || taskId.trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("任务ID不能为空");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设置任务ID
     */
    private <T> T setTaskId(T result, String taskId) {
        try {
            if (result instanceof TaskResult) {
                ((TaskResult) result).setTaskId(taskId);
            }
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("设置任务ID失败", e);
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 记录任务信息
     */
    private void recordTaskInfo(String taskId, CompletableFuture<?> future) {
        try {
            AsyncTaskInfo taskInfo = new AsyncTaskInfo();
            taskInfo.setTaskId(taskId);
            taskInfo.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
            taskInfo.setStatus(AsyncTaskStatus.RUNNING);

            String cacheKey = ASYNC_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX + taskId;
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, taskInfo, Duration.ofSeconds(ASYNC_TASK_CACHE_EXPIRE));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("记录任务信息失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 处理任务异常
     */
    private void handleTaskException(String taskId, Throwable throwable) {
        try {
            log.error("任务执行异常: {}", taskId, throwable);

            // 更新任务状态
            updateTaskStatus(taskId, AsyncTaskStatus.FAILED, throwable.getMessage());

            // 发送异常事件
            sendTaskExceptionEvent(taskId, throwable);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("处理任务异常失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 更新任务状态
     */
    private void updateTaskStatus(String taskId, AsyncTaskStatus status, String errorMessage) {
        try {
            String cacheKey = ASYNC_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX + taskId;
            AsyncTaskInfo taskInfo = (AsyncTaskInfo) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(cacheKey);

            if (taskInfo != null) {
                taskInfo.setStatus(status);
                taskInfo.setErrorMessage(errorMessage);
                taskInfo.setEndTime(LocalDateTime.now());

                redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, taskInfo, Duration.ofSeconds(ASYNC_TASK_CACHE_EXPIRE));
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("更新任务状态失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送任务异常事件
     */
    private void sendTaskExceptionEvent(String taskId, Throwable throwable) {
        try {
            TaskExceptionEvent event = new TaskExceptionEvent();
            event.setTaskId(taskId);
            event.setExceptionType(throwable.getClass().getSimpleName());
            event.setExceptionMessage(throwable.getMessage());
            event.setEventTime(LocalDateTime.now());

            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("task.exception.queue", event);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("发送任务异常事件失败", e);
        }
    }
}

2.1.2 顺序任务编排

/**
 * 顺序任务编排服务
 */
@Service
public class SequentialTaskOrchestrationService {

    @Autowired
    private CompletableFutureTaskManager taskManager;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    private final String SEQUENTIAL_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX = "sequential_task:";

    /**
     * 顺序执行任务
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeSequentialTasks(List<Supplier<T>> tasks, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证任务列表
            validateTaskList(tasks, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建初始Future
            CompletableFuture<T> result = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);

            // 3. 顺序执行任务
            for (int i = 0; i < tasks.size(); i++) {
                final int taskIndex = i;
                final Supplier<T> task = tasks.get(i);
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + taskIndex;

                result = result.thenCompose(previousResult -> {
                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(task, taskId);
                });
            }

            // 4. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "SEQUENTIAL", tasks.size());

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("顺序执行任务失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证任务列表
     */
    private void validateTaskList(List<?> tasks, String orchestrationId) {
        if (tasks == null || tasks.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("任务列表不能为空");
        }

        if (orchestrationId == null || orchestrationId.trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("编排ID不能为空");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 记录编排信息
     */
    private void recordOrchestrationInfo(String orchestrationId, String type, int taskCount) {
        try {
            TaskOrchestrationInfo info = new TaskOrchestrationInfo();
            info.setOrchestrationId(orchestrationId);
            info.setType(type);
            info.setTaskCount(taskCount);
            info.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());

            String cacheKey = SEQUENTIAL_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX + orchestrationId;
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, info, Duration.ofHours(1));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("记录编排信息失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 顺序执行任务（带结果传递）
     */
    public <T, R> CompletableFuture<R> executeSequentialTasksWithResult(
            List<Function<T, R>> tasks, T initialValue, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证任务列表
            validateTaskList(tasks, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建初始Future
            CompletableFuture<T> result = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(initialValue);

            // 3. 顺序执行任务
            for (int i = 0; i < tasks.size(); i++) {
                final int taskIndex = i;
                final Function<T, R> task = tasks.get(i);
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + taskIndex;

                result = result.thenCompose(input -> {
                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(() -> task.apply(input), taskId);
                });
            }

            // 4. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "SEQUENTIAL_WITH_RESULT", tasks.size());

            return result.thenApply(Function.identity());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("顺序执行任务（带结果传递）失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }
}

2.1.3 并行任务编排

/**
 * 并行任务编排服务
 */
@Service
public class ParallelTaskOrchestrationService {

    @Autowired
    private CompletableFutureTaskManager taskManager;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    private final String PARALLEL_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX = "parallel_task:";

    /**
     * 并行执行任务
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<List<T>> executeParallelTasks(List<Supplier<T>> tasks, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证任务列表
            validateTaskList(tasks, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建并行任务
            List<CompletableFuture<T>> futures = new ArrayList<>();

            for (int i = 0; i < tasks.size(); i++) {
                final int taskIndex = i;
                final Supplier<T> task = tasks.get(i);
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + taskIndex;

                CompletableFuture<T> future = taskManager.createAsyncTask(task, taskId);
                futures.add(future);
            }

            // 3. 等待所有任务完成
            CompletableFuture<List<T>> result = CompletableFuture.allOf(
                    futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0]))
                    .thenApply(v -> futures.stream()
                            .map(CompletableFuture::join)
                            .collect(Collectors.toList()));

            // 4. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "PARALLEL", tasks.size());

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("并行执行任务失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证任务列表
     */
    private void validateTaskList(List<?> tasks, String orchestrationId) {
        if (tasks == null || tasks.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("任务列表不能为空");
        }

        if (orchestrationId == null || orchestrationId.trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("编排ID不能为空");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 记录编排信息
     */
    private void recordOrchestrationInfo(String orchestrationId, String type, int taskCount) {
        try {
            TaskOrchestrationInfo info = new TaskOrchestrationInfo();
            info.setOrchestrationId(orchestrationId);
            info.setType(type);
            info.setTaskCount(taskCount);
            info.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());

            String cacheKey = PARALLEL_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX + orchestrationId;
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, info, Duration.ofHours(1));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("记录编排信息失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 并行执行任务（带超时控制）
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<List<T>> executeParallelTasksWithTimeout(
            List<Supplier<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证任务列表
            validateTaskList(tasks, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建并行任务
            List<CompletableFuture<T>> futures = new ArrayList<>();

            for (int i = 0; i < tasks.size(); i++) {
                final int taskIndex = i;
                final Supplier<T> task = tasks.get(i);
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + taskIndex;

                CompletableFuture<T> future = taskManager.createAsyncTask(task, taskId);
                futures.add(future);
            }

            // 3. 等待所有任务完成（带超时）
            CompletableFuture<List<T>> result = CompletableFuture.allOf(
                    futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0]))
                    .thenApply(v -> futures.stream()
                            .map(CompletableFuture::join)
                            .collect(Collectors.toList()))
                    .orTimeout(timeout, timeUnit);

            // 4. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "PARALLEL_WITH_TIMEOUT", tasks.size());

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("并行执行任务（带超时控制）失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 并行执行任务（部分成功）
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<List<T>> executeParallelTasksPartialSuccess(
            List<Supplier<T>> tasks, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证任务列表
            validateTaskList(tasks, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建并行任务
            List<CompletableFuture<T>> futures = new ArrayList<>();

            for (int i = 0; i < tasks.size(); i++) {
                final int taskIndex = i;
                final Supplier<T> task = tasks.get(i);
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + taskIndex;

                CompletableFuture<T> future = taskManager.createAsyncTask(task, taskId)
                        .exceptionally(throwable -> {
                            log.error("任务执行失败: {}", taskId, throwable);
                            return null; // 返回null表示失败
                        });
                futures.add(future);
            }

            // 3. 等待所有任务完成（允许部分失败）
            CompletableFuture<List<T>> result = CompletableFuture.allOf(
                    futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0]))
                    .thenApply(v -> futures.stream()
                            .map(CompletableFuture::join)
                            .filter(Objects::nonNull) // 过滤掉null值
                            .collect(Collectors.toList()));

            // 4. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "PARALLEL_PARTIAL_SUCCESS", tasks.size());

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("并行执行任务（部分成功）失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }
}

2.2 复杂任务编排

2.2.1 条件任务编排

/**
 * 条件任务编排服务
 */
@Service
public class ConditionalTaskOrchestrationService {

    @Autowired
    private CompletableFutureTaskManager taskManager;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    private final String CONDITIONAL_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX = "conditional_task:";

    /**
     * 条件执行任务
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeConditionalTask(
            Supplier<Boolean> condition, Supplier<T> trueTask, Supplier<T> falseTask, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证参数
            validateConditionalTask(condition, trueTask, falseTask, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 执行条件判断
            CompletableFuture<Boolean> conditionFuture = taskManager.createAsyncTask(condition, orchestrationId + "_condition");

            // 3. 根据条件执行不同任务
            CompletableFuture<T> result = conditionFuture.thenCompose(conditionResult -> {
                if (conditionResult) {
                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(trueTask, orchestrationId + "_true");
                } else {
                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(falseTask, orchestrationId + "_false");
                }
            });

            // 4. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "CONDITIONAL", 3);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("条件执行任务失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证条件任务参数
     */
    private void validateConditionalTask(Object condition, Object trueTask, Object falseTask, String orchestrationId) {
        if (condition == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("条件不能为空");
        }

        if (trueTask == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("条件为真时的任务不能为空");
        }

        if (falseTask == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("条件为假时的任务不能为空");
        }

        if (orchestrationId == null || orchestrationId.trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("编排ID不能为空");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 记录编排信息
     */
    private void recordOrchestrationInfo(String orchestrationId, String type, int taskCount) {
        try {
            TaskOrchestrationInfo info = new TaskOrchestrationInfo();
            info.setOrchestrationId(orchestrationId);
            info.setType(type);
            info.setTaskCount(taskCount);
            info.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());

            String cacheKey = CONDITIONAL_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX + orchestrationId;
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, info, Duration.ofHours(1));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("记录编排信息失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 多条件执行任务
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeMultiConditionalTask(
            List<ConditionalTask<T>> conditionalTasks, Supplier<T> defaultTask, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证参数
            validateMultiConditionalTask(conditionalTasks, defaultTask, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建条件检查任务
            CompletableFuture<T> result = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);

            for (int i = 0; i < conditionalTasks.size(); i++) {
                final int taskIndex = i;
                final ConditionalTask<T> conditionalTask = conditionalTasks.get(taskIndex);
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + taskIndex;

                result = result.thenCompose(previousResult -> {
                    if (previousResult != null) {
                        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(previousResult);
                    }

                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(conditionalTask.getCondition(), taskId + "_condition")
                            .thenCompose(conditionResult -> {
                                if (conditionResult) {
                                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(conditionalTask.getTask(), taskId + "_task");
                                } else {
                                    return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
                                }
                            });
                });
            }

            // 3. 如果所有条件都不满足，执行默认任务
            result = result.thenCompose(finalResult -> {
                if (finalResult == null && defaultTask != null) {
                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(defaultTask, orchestrationId + "_default");
                } else {
                    return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(finalResult);
                }
            });

            // 4. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "MULTI_CONDITIONAL", conditionalTasks.size() + 1);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("多条件执行任务失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证多条件任务参数
     */
    private void validateMultiConditionalTask(List<?> conditionalTasks, Object defaultTask, String orchestrationId) {
        if (conditionalTasks == null || conditionalTasks.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("条件任务列表不能为空");
        }

        if (orchestrationId == null || orchestrationId.trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("编排ID不能为空");
        }
    }
}

2.2.2 循环任务编排

/**
 * 循环任务编排服务
 */
@Service
public class LoopTaskOrchestrationService {

    @Autowired
    private CompletableFutureTaskManager taskManager;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    private final String LOOP_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX = "loop_task:";

    /**
     * 循环执行任务
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<List<T>> executeLoopTask(
            Supplier<T> task, int maxIterations, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证参数
            validateLoopTask(task, maxIterations, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建循环任务
            CompletableFuture<List<T>> result = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(new ArrayList<>());

            for (int i = 0; i < maxIterations; i++) {
                final int iteration = i;
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + iteration;

                result = result.thenCompose(results -> {
                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(task, taskId)
                            .thenApply(taskResult -> {
                                results.add(taskResult);
                                return results;
                            });
                });
            }

            // 3. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "LOOP", maxIterations);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("循环执行任务失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证循环任务参数
     */
    private void validateLoopTask(Object task, int maxIterations, String orchestrationId) {
        if (task == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("任务不能为空");
        }

        if (maxIterations <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("最大迭代次数必须大于0");
        }

        if (orchestrationId == null || orchestrationId.trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("编排ID不能为空");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 记录编排信息
     */
    private void recordOrchestrationInfo(String orchestrationId, String type, int taskCount) {
        try {
            TaskOrchestrationInfo info = new TaskOrchestrationInfo();
            info.setOrchestrationId(orchestrationId);
            info.setType(type);
            info.setTaskCount(taskCount);
            info.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());

            String cacheKey = LOOP_TASK_CACHE_PREFIX + orchestrationId;
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, info, Duration.ofHours(1));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("记录编排信息失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 条件循环执行任务
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<List<T>> executeConditionalLoopTask(
            Supplier<T> task, Supplier<Boolean> condition, int maxIterations, String orchestrationId) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证参数
            validateConditionalLoopTask(task, condition, maxIterations, orchestrationId);

            // 2. 创建条件循环任务
            CompletableFuture<List<T>> result = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(new ArrayList<>());

            for (int i = 0; i < maxIterations; i++) {
                final int iteration = i;
                final String taskId = orchestrationId + "_" + iteration;

                result = result.thenCompose(results -> {
                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(condition, taskId + "_condition")
                            .thenCompose(conditionResult -> {
                                if (conditionResult) {
                                    return taskManager.createAsyncTask(task, taskId + "_task")
                                            .thenApply(taskResult -> {
                                                results.add(taskResult);
                                                return results;
                                            });
                                } else {
                                    return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(results);
                                }
                            });
                });
            }

            // 3. 记录编排信息
            recordOrchestrationInfo(orchestrationId, "CONDITIONAL_LOOP", maxIterations);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("条件循环执行任务失败: {}", orchestrationId, e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证条件循环任务参数
     */
    private void validateConditionalLoopTask(Object task, Object condition, int maxIterations, String orchestrationId) {
        if (task == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("任务不能为空");
        }

        if (condition == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("条件不能为空");
        }

        if (maxIterations <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("最大迭代次数必须大于0");
        }

        if (orchestrationId == null || orchestrationId.trim().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("编排ID不能为空");
        }
    }
}

三、企业级CompletableFuture应用方案

3.1 任务编排管理服务

3.1.1 任务编排管理服务

/**
 * 任务编排管理服务
 */
@Service
public class TaskOrchestrationManagementService {

    @Autowired
    private SequentialTaskOrchestrationService sequentialService;

    @Autowired
    private ParallelTaskOrchestrationService parallelService;

    @Autowired
    private ConditionalTaskOrchestrationService conditionalService;

    @Autowired
    private LoopTaskOrchestrationService loopService;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    private final String TASK_ORCHESTRATION_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_PREFIX = "task_orchestration_management:";
    private final long TASK_ORCHESTRATION_MANAGEMENT_CACHE_EXPIRE = 3600; // 1小时

    /**
     * 智能选择任务编排策略
     */
    public <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeTaskOrchestration(TaskOrchestrationRequest<T> request) {
        try {
            // 1. 验证请求
            validateRequest(request);

            // 2. 选择编排策略
            TaskOrchestrationStrategy strategy = selectOrchestrationStrategy(request);

            // 3. 执行编排策略
            CompletableFuture<T> result = executeOrchestrationStrategy(request, strategy);

            // 4. 记录编排统计
            recordOrchestrationStatistics(request, strategy);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("执行任务编排失败: {}", request.getOrchestrationId(), e);
            return CompletableFuture.failedFuture(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证请求
     */
    private void validateRequest(TaskOrchestrationRequest<?> request) {
        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("请求不能为空");
        }

        if (request.getOrchestrationId() == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("编排ID不能为空");
        }

        if (request.getTasks() == null || request.getTasks().isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("任务列表不能为空");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 选择编排策略
     */
    private TaskOrchestrationStrategy selectOrchestrationStrategy(TaskOrchestrationRequest<?> request) {
        try {
            if (request.getStrategy() != null) {
                return request.getStrategy();
            }

            // 根据任务特征选择策略
            if (request.getTasks().size() == 1) {
                return TaskOrchestrationStrategy.SEQUENTIAL;
            } else if (request.isParallel()) {
                return TaskOrchestrationStrategy.PARALLEL;
            } else if (request.isConditional()) {
                return TaskOrchestrationStrategy.CONDITIONAL;
            } else if (request.isLoop()) {
                return TaskOrchestrationStrategy.LOOP;
            } else {
                return TaskOrchestrationStrategy.SEQUENTIAL; // 默认策略
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("选择编排策略失败", e);
            return TaskOrchestrationStrategy.SEQUENTIAL; // 默认策略
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行编排策略
     */
    private <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeOrchestrationStrategy(
            TaskOrchestrationRequest<T> request, TaskOrchestrationStrategy strategy) {
        try {
            switch (strategy) {
                case SEQUENTIAL:
                    return executeSequentialStrategy(request);
                case PARALLEL:
                    return executeParallelStrategy(request);
                case CONDITIONAL:
                    return executeConditionalStrategy(request);
                case LOOP:
                    return executeLoopStrategy(request);
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("不支持的编排策略: " + strategy);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("执行编排策略失败", e);
            throw new TaskOrchestrationException("执行编排策略失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行顺序策略
     */
    private <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeSequentialStrategy(TaskOrchestrationRequest<T> request) {
        try {
            List<Supplier<T>> tasks = request.getTasks();
            return sequentialService.executeSequentialTasks(tasks, request.getOrchestrationId())
                    .thenApply(results -> results.get(results.size() - 1)); // 返回最后一个结果

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("执行顺序策略失败", e);
            throw new TaskOrchestrationException("执行顺序策略失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行并行策略
     */
    private <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeParallelStrategy(TaskOrchestrationRequest<T> request) {
        try {
            List<Supplier<T>> tasks = request.getTasks();
            return parallelService.executeParallelTasks(tasks, request.getOrchestrationId())
                    .thenApply(results -> results.get(0)); // 返回第一个结果

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("执行并行策略失败", e);
            throw new TaskOrchestrationException("执行并行策略失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行条件策略
     */
    private <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeConditionalStrategy(TaskOrchestrationRequest<T> request) {
        try {
            // 实现条件策略逻辑
            return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("执行条件策略失败", e);
            throw new TaskOrchestrationException("执行条件策略失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行循环策略
     */
    private <T> CompletableFuture<T> executeLoopStrategy(TaskOrchestrationRequest<T> request) {
        try {
            // 实现循环策略逻辑
            return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("执行循环策略失败", e);
            throw new TaskOrchestrationException("执行循环策略失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 记录编排统计
     */
    private void recordOrchestrationStatistics(TaskOrchestrationRequest<?> request, TaskOrchestrationStrategy strategy) {
        try {
            TaskOrchestrationStatistics statistics = new TaskOrchestrationStatistics();
            statistics.setOrchestrationId(request.getOrchestrationId());
            statistics.setStrategy(strategy);
            statistics.setTaskCount(request.getTasks().size());
            statistics.setExecutionTime(LocalDateTime.now());

            // 异步记录统计
            CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
                try {
                    saveOrchestrationStatistics(statistics);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("保存编排统计失败", e);
                }
            });

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("记录编排统计失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 保存编排统计
     */
    private void saveOrchestrationStatistics(TaskOrchestrationStatistics statistics) {
        // 实现统计保存逻辑
        log.info("保存编排统计: {}", statistics.getOrchestrationId());
    }

    /**
     * 获取任务编排统计
     */
    public TaskOrchestrationStatisticsResult getTaskOrchestrationStatistics(Date startTime, Date endTime) {
        try {
            TaskOrchestrationStatisticsResult result = new TaskOrchestrationStatisticsResult();
            result.setStartTime(startTime);
            result.setEndTime(endTime);

            // 统计编排次数
            result.setTotalOrchestrations(1000L); // 实际应用中需要从数据库统计

            // 统计策略使用情况
            Map<TaskOrchestrationStrategy, Long> strategyCount = new HashMap<>();
            strategyCount.put(TaskOrchestrationStrategy.SEQUENTIAL, 400L);
            strategyCount.put(TaskOrchestrationStrategy.PARALLEL, 300L);
            strategyCount.put(TaskOrchestrationStrategy.CONDITIONAL, 200L);
            strategyCount.put(TaskOrchestrationStrategy.LOOP, 100L);
            result.setStrategyCount(strategyCount);

            // 统计成功率
            result.setSuccessRate(0.98); // 98%

            // 统计平均执行时间
            result.setAverageExecutionTime(5000.0); // 5秒

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("获取任务编排统计失败", e);
            throw new TaskOrchestrationException("获取任务编排统计失败", e);
        }
    }
}

四、性能优化与监控

4.1 性能优化

4.1.1 CompletableFuture性能优化

/**
 * CompletableFuture性能优化服务
 */
@Service
public class CompletableFuturePerformanceOptimizationService {

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private CaffeineCache localCache;

    private final String COMPLETABLE_FUTURE_PERFORMANCE_CACHE_PREFIX = "completable_future_performance:";

    /**
     * 优化CompletableFuture性能
     */
    public CompletableFutureOptimizationResult optimizeCompletableFuturePerformance(CompletableFutureOptimizationRequest request) {
        try {
            CompletableFutureOptimizationResult result = new CompletableFutureOptimizationResult();
            result.setRequestId(request.getRequestId());
            result.setStartTime(new Date());

            // 1. 分析CompletableFuture模式
            CompletableFuturePatternAnalysis patternAnalysis = analyzeCompletableFuturePattern(request);
            result.setPatternAnalysis(patternAnalysis);

            // 2. 优化线程池策略
            ThreadPoolOptimizationResult threadPoolOptimization = optimizeThreadPoolStrategy(request, patternAnalysis);
            result.setThreadPoolOptimization(threadPoolOptimization);

            // 3. 优化缓存策略
            CompletableFutureCacheOptimizationResult cacheOptimization = optimizeCompletableFutureCacheStrategy(request, patternAnalysis);
            result.setCacheOptimization(cacheOptimization);

            result.setStatus(CompletableFutureOptimizationStatus.COMPLETED);
            result.setEndTime(new Date());

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("优化CompletableFuture性能失败", e);
            throw new CompletableFutureException("优化CompletableFuture性能失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析CompletableFuture模式
     */
    private CompletableFuturePatternAnalysis analyzeCompletableFuturePattern(CompletableFutureOptimizationRequest request) {
        try {
            CompletableFuturePatternAnalysis analysis = new CompletableFuturePatternAnalysis();
            analysis.setRequestId(request.getRequestId());

            // 分析任务执行频率
            analysis.setTaskExecutionFrequency(analyzeTaskExecutionFrequency(request.getTaskType()));

            // 分析任务性能
            analysis.setTaskPerformance(analyzeTaskPerformance(request.getTaskType()));

            return analysis;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("分析CompletableFuture模式失败", e);
            throw new CompletableFutureException("分析CompletableFuture模式失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析任务执行频率
     */
    private TaskExecutionFrequency analyzeTaskExecutionFrequency(String taskType) {
        try {
            TaskExecutionFrequency frequency = new TaskExecutionFrequency();
            frequency.setTaskType(taskType);
            frequency.setDailyCount(10000);
            frequency.setHourlyCount(1000);
            frequency.setMinuteCount(100);

            return frequency;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("分析任务执行频率失败", e);
            return new TaskExecutionFrequency();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析任务性能
     */
    private TaskPerformance analyzeTaskPerformance(String taskType) {
        try {
            TaskPerformance performance = new TaskPerformance();
            performance.setTaskType(taskType);
            performance.setAverageExecutionTime(50.0); // 50ms
            performance.setSuccessRate(0.99); // 99%
            performance.setThroughput(2000.0); // 2000次/秒

            return performance;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("分析任务性能失败", e);
            return new TaskPerformance();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 优化线程池策略
     */
    private ThreadPoolOptimizationResult optimizeThreadPoolStrategy(CompletableFutureOptimizationRequest request, 
            CompletableFuturePatternAnalysis analysis) {
        try {
            ThreadPoolOptimizationResult result = new ThreadPoolOptimizationResult();
            result.setRequestId(request.getRequestId());

            // 根据任务特征优化线程池策略
            if (analysis.getTaskExecutionFrequency().getDailyCount() > 10000) {
                result.setRecommendedCorePoolSize(20);
                result.setRecommendedMaxPoolSize(50);
                result.setRecommendedQueueCapacity(1000);
                result.setRecommendedKeepAliveTime(60);
            } else if (analysis.getTaskExecutionFrequency().getDailyCount() > 1000) {
                result.setRecommendedCorePoolSize(10);
                result.setRecommendedMaxPoolSize(20);
                result.setRecommendedQueueCapacity(500);
                result.setRecommendedKeepAliveTime(120);
            } else {
                result.setRecommendedCorePoolSize(5);
                result.setRecommendedMaxPoolSize(10);
                result.setRecommendedQueueCapacity(100);
                result.setRecommendedKeepAliveTime(300);
            }

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("优化线程池策略失败", e);
            throw new CompletableFutureException("优化线程池策略失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 优化CompletableFuture缓存策略
     */
    private CompletableFutureCacheOptimizationResult optimizeCompletableFutureCacheStrategy(CompletableFutureOptimizationRequest request, 
            CompletableFuturePatternAnalysis analysis) {
        try {
            CompletableFutureCacheOptimizationResult result = new CompletableFutureCacheOptimizationResult();
            result.setRequestId(request.getRequestId());

            // 根据执行频率优化缓存策略
            if (analysis.getTaskExecutionFrequency().getDailyCount() > 10000) {
                result.setRecommendedCacheExpire(3600); // 1小时
                result.setRecommendedCacheSize(2000);
                result.setRecommendedCacheStrategy("LRU");
            } else if (analysis.getTaskExecutionFrequency().getDailyCount() > 1000) {
                result.setRecommendedCacheExpire(1800); // 30分钟
                result.setRecommendedCacheSize(1000);
                result.setRecommendedCacheStrategy("LFU");
            } else {
                result.setRecommendedCacheExpire(600); // 10分钟
                result.setRecommendedCacheSize(500);
                result.setRecommendedCacheStrategy("FIFO");
            }

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("优化CompletableFuture缓存策略失败", e);
            throw new CompletableFutureException("优化CompletableFuture缓存策略失败", e);
        }
    }
}

4.2 监控告警

4.2.1 CompletableFuture监控指标

/**
 * CompletableFuture监控指标
 */
@Component
public class CompletableFutureMetrics {

    private final MeterRegistry meterRegistry;

    public CompletableFutureMetrics(MeterRegistry meterRegistry) {
        this.meterRegistry = meterRegistry;
    }

    /**
     * 记录CompletableFuture执行次数
     */
    public void recordCompletableFutureExecutionCount(String taskType, String status) {
        Counter.builder("completable_future.execution.count")
                .description("CompletableFuture执行次数")
                .tag("task_type", taskType)
                .tag("status", status)
                .register(meterRegistry)
                .increment();
    }

    /**
     * 记录CompletableFuture执行时间
     */
    public void recordCompletableFutureExecutionTime(String taskType, String status, long duration) {
        Timer.builder("completable_future.execution.time")
                .description("CompletableFuture执行时间")
                .tag("task_type", taskType)
                .tag("status", status)
                .register(meterRegistry)
                .record(duration, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }

    /**
     * 记录CompletableFuture成功率
     */
    public void recordCompletableFutureSuccessRate(String taskType, double successRate) {
        Gauge.builder("completable_future.success.rate")
                .description("CompletableFuture成功率")
                .tag("task_type", taskType)
                .register(meterRegistry, successRate);
    }

    /**
     * 记录CompletableFuture失败率
     */
    public void recordCompletableFutureFailureRate(String taskType, double failureRate) {
        Gauge.builder("completable_future.failure.rate")
                .description("CompletableFuture失败率")
                .tag("task_type", taskType)
                .register(meterRegistry, failureRate);
    }

    /**
     * 记录CompletableFuture吞吐量
     */
    public void recordCompletableFutureThroughput(String taskType, double throughput) {
        Gauge.builder("completable_future.throughput")
                .description("CompletableFuture吞吐量")
                .tag("task_type", taskType)
                .register(meterRegistry, throughput);
    }

    /**
     * 记录CompletableFuture异常次数
     */
    public void recordCompletableFutureExceptionCount(String taskType, String exceptionType) {
        Counter.builder("completable_future.exception.count")
                .description("CompletableFuture异常次数")
                .tag("task_type", taskType)
                .tag("exception_type", exceptionType)
                .register(meterRegistry)
                .increment();
    }
}

4.2.2 CompletableFuture告警规则

# prometheus-rules.yml
groups:
- name: completable_future_alerts
  rules:
  - alert: HighCompletableFutureExecutionTime
    expr: completable_future_execution_time{quantile="0.95"} > 10000
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "CompletableFuture执行时间过长"
      description: "CompletableFuture执行时间P95超过10秒，当前值: {{ $value }}ms"
  
  - alert: HighCompletableFutureFailureRate
    expr: completable_future_failure_rate > 0.05
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "CompletableFuture失败率过高"
      description: "CompletableFuture失败率超过5%，当前值: {{ $value }}"
  
  - alert: LowCompletableFutureThroughput
    expr: completable_future_throughput < 100
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "CompletableFuture吞吐量过低"
      description: "CompletableFuture吞吐量低于100次/秒，当前值: {{ $value }}"
  
  - alert: HighCompletableFutureExceptionCount
    expr: rate(completable_future_exception_count[5m]) > 10
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: "CompletableFuture异常次数过多"
      description: "CompletableFuture异常频率超过10次/分钟，当前值: {{ $value }}"
  
  - alert: CompletableFutureServiceDown
    expr: up{job="completable-future-service"} == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: "CompletableFuture服务宕机"
      description: "CompletableFuture服务已宕机超过1分钟"

五、总结

CompletableFuture作为Java 8引入的异步编程核心工具，通过合理的异步任务编排策略和并发处理，能够构建一个高效、稳定、可扩展的异步任务编排系统。本文从异步任务编排策略到并发处理，从基础实现到企业级应用，系统梳理了CompletableFuture异步任务编排的完整解决方案。

5.1 关键要点

任务编排：通过多种编排策略实现不同场景下的异步任务处理需求
并发处理：通过CompletableFuture实现高效的并发处理
性能优化：通过线程池优化、缓存优化等手段优化处理性能
监控告警：建立完善的监控体系，及时发现和处理问题
企业级方案：提供完整的企业级部署和监控方案

5.2 最佳实践

策略选择：根据任务特征、执行频率、系统负载选择合适的编排策略
线程池优化：合理配置线程池参数，提高并发处理能力
异常处理：实现完善的异常处理机制，确保系统稳定性
监控告警：建立完善的监控体系，确保CompletableFuture服务稳定运行
性能调优：通过缓存、批量处理等手段优化系统性能

通过以上措施，可以构建一个高效、稳定、可扩展的CompletableFuture异步任务编排系统，为企业的各种业务场景提供异步任务编排支持。